France’s Conseil d’État—the country’s highest administrative court—rejected challenges by three companies in the Cegedim group to CNIL fines totaling €1.8 million, delivering an important ruling on when pseudonymized health data remains personal data under the GDPR.

The companies operated two databases, fed by data collected from doctors’ practice management software and pharmacy systems. By March 2021, one database held data ...

On March 2, 2026, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a significant decision in *Freeman v. 3Commas Technologies OÜ*, reversing a district court’s dismissal of a class action against an Estonian cryptocurrency trading software company for lack of personal jurisdiction in California. The ruling provides important guidance on when foreign technology companies that operate online platforms ...

Israel’s Supreme Court ruled on March 22, 2026 that the municipality of Ramat Gan made “reckless” use of artificial intelligence in administrative proceedings concerning a child with special needs. The court found that the municipality relied on materials generated by AI tools that included a non-existent Education Ministry directive and fabricated court rulings, and exceptionally ordered the municipality to pay ...